سازمان ملل از سال ۱۹۹۲ تا کنون، روز ۲۲ مارس (مصادف با دوم فروردین‌ماه) را «روز جهانی آب» نام‌گذاری کرده است و به این منظور از کشورها خواسته سه روز را در راستای اجرای بیانیه ۲۱ سازمان ملل، به آگاه‌سازی مردم در مورد آب از طریق انتشار نشریات و برگزاری همایش‌ها، نشست‌ها و نمایشگاه‌ها اقدام کرده و در گرامیداشت آن بکوشند. شعار امسال این سازمان برای روز آب «شتاب در تغییر برای حل بحران آب» تعیین شده که حاوی پیام بسیار مهمی است.
تغییرات اقلیمی، افزایش جهانی دما، کاهش بارندگی‌ها، خشکسالی و در عین حال رشد جمعیت و متعاقب آن نیاز به تامین صنایع و مواد غذایی بیشتر، رشد شتابانی به مصرف آب در دنیا داده است، به نحوی که طبق برآورد سازمان ملل متحد، ۸۵ درصد از جمعیت جهان در خشک‌ترین قسمت زمین زندگی کرده و درگیر مقوله‌ی بحران آب جهانی بوده و خواهند بود.
در این میان ایران نیز بر اساس گزارش‌هایی که تقریبا همه ساله منتشر می‌شود در رتبه خطرناکی در میان کشورهای در معرض خطر «روز صفر» بی‌آبی قرار دارد. به استناد نتایج «اطلس جهانی ریسک آب» ، ایران در میان ۱۷ کشور دچار تنش آبی شدید، در رده پنجم ایستاده است.
اگرچه همه ساله تلاش‌های زیادی در کشور و دنیا برای یافتن راهکارهای رفع این بحران خطرناک ارایه می‌شود، اما در این میان باید نگاهی جدی‌تر و کلان‌تر به نقش فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات در این خصوص نیز داشت. در همین راستا و نظر به اهمیت بالای این معضل جهانی، اتحادیه بین‌المللی مخابرات (ITU) به عنوان بالاترین مرجع وابسته به سازمان ملل در حوزه فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات ، در سال‌های اخیر گزارش مشروحی پیرامون «نقش ICT در مدیریت منابع آب» منتشر کرد که حاصل ۳ سال مطالعه بوده است. در واقع گروه ITU در مدیریت هوشمند آب (FG-SWM) بستری را برای مقابله با شکاف بین ICT و مدیریت موثر منابع آب فراهم کرده تا به کمک ابزارهای فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات به کشورها کمک کند تا مشکل کمبود آب را به طور مشترک حل کنند. هدف اصلی این گزارش حرکت بیشتر و تاکید بر این است که چگونه ابزارهای ICT می‌توانند بر برخی از چالش‌های مدیریت آب که در بخش خصوصا کشاورزی، در تامین آب و مدیریت آن مواجه هستند، غلبه کنند.
بر اساس یافته‌های این گزارش، فناوری‌های اندازه‌گیری هوشمند، سیستم‌های اطلاعاتی، سیستم‌های اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS) و سنجش از راه دور، محاسبات ابری، هوش مصنوعی، فناوری‌های فضایی، طیف وسیعی از حسگرها به همراه دیگر ابزارهای رو به رشد فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات، نقش به سزایی در مدیریت عملیاتی منابع آب و آبیاری ایفا کرده و همچنین داده‌های بسیار حیاتی و ذیقیمتی را در اختیار متولیان حوزه مدیریت منابع آبی قرار می‌دهند.
همچنین در مطالعه دیگری که توسط برنامه آب و فاضلاب (WSP) بانک جهانی در مورد چگونگی استفاده از پتانسیل فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات (ICT) برای بهبود خدمات آب و فاضلاب در آفریقا انجام شد برخی از مزایای بالقوه ادغام فناوری اطلاعاتی و ارتباطاتی در پروژه‌های آب و فاضلاب را در کاهش مدت زمان و هزینه‌های فعالیت‌های نظارت بر موجودی آب اعلام کرده است.
سیستم‌های مدیریت اطلاعات و داده‌های دقیق پیش درآمدی برای مدیریت صحیح و سیستم‌های پشتیبانی تصمیم هستند. فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات می‌تواند به کارآمدتر کردن انتقال داده‌ها، کاهش خطاهای دستی داده‌ها و افزایش دفعات نظارت به دلیل اثربخشی هزینه نسبی کمک کند.
یافته‌های دیگر مطالعات مشابه نیز نشان می‌دهد در حال حاضر، فناوری‌های دیجیتالی مانند سنجش از راه دور می‌توانند پیش‌بینی‌های بسیار بهبود یافته‌ای از خشکسالی و سیل، نظارت بر کمیت و کیفیت آب در حوضه‌های آبخیز، بهبود مدیریت دارایی آب، راه‌حل‌های خارج از شبکه و راه‌حل‌های محلی همراه با نظارت بر کیفیت آب در زمان واقعی ارایه دهند. همچنین فناوری‌های دیجیتالی مانند دستگاه‌های متصل (IoT)، تجزیه و تحلیل پیش‌بینی‌کننده بوده و هوش مصنوعی نیز به عنوان ابزار قدرتمندی در دستیابی به دسترسی پایدار، انعطاف‌پذیر و عادلانه به آب در حال ظهور هستند.
با وجود بررسی‌ها و نتایج مشهود مطالعات و همچنین آثار مثبت ناشی از اقدامات مبتنی بر فناوری‌های پیشرفته در مدیریت منابع آبی در بخش‌های زیادی از دنیا، مروری بر فصل هشتم لایحه برنامه هفتم توسعه کشور که به نظام مدیریت یکپارچه منابع آب پرداخته است، نشان می‌دهد که برنامه‌ها، تنظیم مقررات و تکالیف مشروح و مهمی برای وزارتخانه‌های نیرو و جهاد و کشاورزی در نظر گرفته شده است، اما هیچ اشاره‌ای به استفاده از فناوری‌های نوین ارتباطی و اطلاعاتی برای مدیریت این حوزه حساس و حیاتی با همکاری نهادهایی همچون وزارت ارتباطات، مرکز ملی فضای مجازی، تشکل‌های تخصصی موضوع در بخش‌های مختلف اتاق ایران، اپراتورهای ارتباطی و سازمان‌های بزرگ فناوری اطلاعات کشوری نشده است. جای خالی بکارگیری فناوری‌های مذکور در مدیریت منابع آب آن هم در کشوری که در رتبه بالای بحران قرار دارد و توصیه‌های ویژه بازوی فناورانه سازمان ملل یعنی اتحادیه جهانی مخابرات و گروه ویژه مدیریت آب که در ذیل آن قرار دارد، کاملا مشهود است و از این رو باید با همکاری مستمر و جدی تشکل‌های فناورانه بخش خصوصی و متولیان عمومی، دولتی و حاکمیتی در حوزه فناوری، اقدامات اجرایی و عملیاتی لازم در این حوزه در دستور کار قرار گیرد.
به عنوان یک نمونه، در سال ۱۴۰۰ با همکاری مشترک دفتر امور فضای ماورای جو سازمان ملل متحد (UNOOSA) و وزارت ارتباطات و فناوری اطلاعات کارگاه آموزشی بین‌المللی کاربردهای فناوری فضایی برای مدیریت خشکسالی، سیل و منابع آب، به میزبانی سازمان فضایی ایران در تهران برگزار شد که از جمله اهداف این رویداد، معرفی آخرین کاربردهای فناوری‌های فضا-پایه برای مدیریت منابع طبیعی، محیط زیست و همچنین مدیریت بلایا، به‌ویژه برای خشکسالی، سیل و منابع آب؛ ارتقاء تبادل بیشتر تجربیات درخصوص پروژه‌های کاربردهای فضا-پایه مربوط به منابع آب در مقیاس ملی و یا منطقه‌ای و تبیین توصیه‌ها و یافته‌هایی برای دفتر امور فضای ماورای جو سازمان ملل متحد به عنوان کمک به این دفتر در ایجاد مشارکت برای تقویت و ارائه ظرفیت‌سازی در سنجش از دور ماهواره‌ای و سایر فناوری‌ها برای کاهش و مدیریت ریسک بلایا بود. لیکن این گام‌های پراکنده و غیرالزام‌آور، باید به سرعت شکل منسجم اجرایی و عملیاتی به خود گرفته و زمینه تشویق به تولید گسترده محصولات و راهکارهای شرکت‌های حوزه فاوا و دانش‌بنیان و عرضه آن به متولیان مدیریت منابع آبی کشور در اولویت‌های بالایی از سوی نهادهای مختلف و به ویژه معاونت علمی ریاست جمهوری قرار گیرد و این امر مهم میسر نمی‌گردد مگر آنکه در اسناد بالاسری به صورت مشخص به آنان پرداخته شود.
آنچه مسلم است ما مسوول فردای سرزمین مادری، فرزندان و آیندگانمان هستیم و باید از هم‌اکنون جلوی انتقال این بحران حیاتی به نسل‌های بعدی را بگیریم. لذا به زعم خود و از طریق کمیسیون فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات اتاق بازرگانی ایران و از طریق رایزنی و مشارکت با تشکل‌های خصوصی و دولتی و خصوصا در دوره‌ی تنظیم برنامه هفتم توسعه با نهاد قانون‌گذار، تلاش خواهیم کرد تا نقشی در این مسوولیت مهم ملی که تمام جمعیت و زیرساخت‌های اقتصادی، اجتماعی و امنیتی کشور لاجرم از آن متاثر خواهند شد، ایفا کنیم و در این راه نیازمند توجه و مشارکت جدی فعالان و مدیران محترم در عرصه‌های فناوری و مدیریت منابع آبی کشورمان هستیم.
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I have realized that online degree is getting well-liked because obtaining your college degree online has become a popular choice for many people. Numerous people have not really had a possible opportunity to attend an established college or university nevertheless seek the improved earning potential and a better job that a Bachelor’s Degree grants. Still some others might have a qualification in one field but want to pursue something they now possess an interest in.
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