رصد و نظارت بر پروژه استقرار هویت هوشمند اشخاص حقیقی در دولت الکترونیک

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به گزارش مرکز پژوهش‌های مجلس شورای اسلامی، دفتر مطالعات مدیریت این مرکز در گزارشی با عنوان «بررسی لایحه هفتم توسعه (۷۷)؛ رصد و نظارت بر پروژه استقرار هویت هوشمند اشخاص حقیقی در دولت الکترونیک» بیان کرده است که در سالیان اخیر در تمام کشور‌ها؛ اهمیت انتقال خدمات ارائه شده توسط دولت به شهروندان در قالب دولت الکترونیک مشخص شده‌است. این امر می‌تواند منجر به صرفه‌جویی در انرژی برای حمل‌و نقل افراد تا کاهش هدر رفت زمان متقاضیان بیانجامد. احراز هویت کلید اصلی ورود به این عرصه است. اطمینان از صحت احراز هویت فرد در این عرصه، پیش‌نیاز تمامی خدمات ارائه شده به وی است.  

این گزارش بیان می‌کند که بنا به «مصوبه بیست و سه پروژه اولویت‌دار هیئت‌وزیران»، «سند نظام هویت معتبر در فضای مجازی» و «مصوبات یازدهمین جلسه شورای اجرایی فناوری اطلاعات»؛ پروژه استقرار هویت هوشمند اشخاص حقیقی در دولت الکترونیک نیز کلید خورد. در اسناد نام‌برده، به صراحت متولی پروژه استقرار هویت هوشمند اشخاص حقیقی، سازمان ثبت احوال معرفی شده‌است، در حالی که در لایحه برنامه هفتم توسعه، سازمان ثبت احوال کشور متولی استقرار هویت اشخاص حقیقی و حقوقی شده‌است که مشکلاتی را در این زمینه ایجاد می‌کند.

این گزارش توضیح می‌دهد که تعیین سازمان ثبت احوال در کشور به‌عنوان متولی ساخت پایگاه اطلاعات هویتی افراد حقوقی در (تبصره بند (ج) ماده (۱۰۷)) لایحه برنامه هفتم توسعه موازی کاری محسوب‌می‌شود؛ زیرا سازمان ثبت احوال تنها متولی هویت افراد حقیقی ایرانی در کشور است و ساخت پایگاه داده در حوزه افراد حقوقی و اتباع خارجی به‌ترتیب بر اساس قوانین حاضر با تولی‌گری سازمان اسناد و املاک کشور و وزارت اطلاعات در حال انجام است و فاز‌هایی از ساخت آنان به مرحله بهره‌برداری برای تمام دستگاه‌ها خواهد بود. 

این گزارش ادامه می‌دهد که بر اساس قوانین پیشین و قانون مدیریت داده و اطلاعات ملی، تولی‌گری پایگاه ثبت اشخاص حقوقی صریحاً به سازمان ثبت‌اسناد و املاک کشور واگذار شده‌است. لذا اضافه کردن مسئولیت و تولی‌گری پایگاه اشخاص حقوقی به سازمان ثبت احوال کشور، مخالف تمامی قوانین وضع شده پیشین و تقسیم‌کار موجود است و مسئله‌ای را نیز حل نمی‌کند.

مرکز پژوهش‌های مجلس در این گزارش پیشنهاد می‌دهد که با اصلاح ماده (۸۶) وزارت کشور به‌منظور ساماندهی مهاجرین و اتباع بیگانه، اقداماتی را انجام دهد که شامل؛ تکمیل پایگاه داده اطلاعات مربوط به اتباع خارجی با همکاری وزارت اطلاعات، وزارت امور خارجه، مرکز آمار ایران، فرماندهی انتظامی جمهوری اسلامی ایران، سازمان ثبت احوال کشور و سایر دستگاه‌های اجرایی نسبت به ساماندهی، ورود، خروج، طرد، سرشماری، آمایش سرزمینی و ثبت احوال اتباع بیگانه، پناه‌جویان، مهاجرین قانونی و غیرقانونی، به‌نحوی که تمامی اطلاعات مهاجرین و اتباع بیگانه در پایگاه داده مرجع برخط وزارت کشور با تولی‌گری سازمان ثبت احوال کشور به‌صورت یکپارچه گردآوری شود و درگاه‌های بهره‌برداری آن بر اساس ماده (۷) قانون مدیریت داده‌ها و اطلاعات ملی (مصوب ۱۴۰۱) برای سایر دستگاه‌ها ایجاد شود. اطلاعات اتباع خارجی در دیگر دستگاه‌های همکار به وزارت کشور منتقل و ارائه هرگونه خدمات به اتباع بیگانه توسط دستگاه‌های اجرایی باید براساس اطلاعات هویتی این سامانه باشد. 

در این گزارش با پیشنهاد اصلاح تبصره بند «ج» ماده (۱۰۷)، مطرح می‌شود که سازمان ثبت‌احوال کشور مکلف است نسبت به راه‌اندازی تکمیل پایگاه ملی هویت اشخاص حقیقی و حقوقی با امکان شناسایی روابط سببی و نسبی اشخاص حقیقی و شناسایی خانوار و سازمان اسناد و املاک کشور مکلف است نسبت به تکمیل و به‌روزرسانی پایگاه ملی هویت اشخاص حقوقی اقدام نماید. این سازمان مکلف است سازمان‌های فوق مکلف هستند با همکاری وزارت ارتباطات و فناوری اطلاعات و نظارت مرکز ملی فضای مجازی ظرف مدت دو سال پس از ابلاغ برنامه، نسبت به تکمیل بدون نقص این پایگاه اقدام کرده و ارائه خدمت احراز هویت در ارائه خدمات الکترونیکی به کلیه بخش‌های دولتی و خصوصی از طریق مرکز تبادل اطلاعات اقدام کنند. 

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